工劳网

工作如此反人类，是时候废除它了众筹（中英双语版）

发布日期： 2023-05-20
来源网站：mp.weixin.qq.com
作者：废除工作研究所
主题分类：劳动
内容类型：普通新闻报道
关键词：废除工作, 工时制, 工作时长, 削减工时, 研究, 试验, 空间, 示意图, 政府
涉及行业：
涉及职业：
地点：无

相关议题：工作时间

当代社会许多人对工作不满，认为工作单调、无聊、压抑，甚至认为40%的工作都是不必要的。
金融危机和新冠疫情使得人们对工作的不满达到高峰，全球各地掀起了削减工作和拒绝工作的浪潮。
在中国，互联网企业的员工发起了反对996工时制的倡议，反内卷思潮得到了社会覆盖面更广的发展。
废除工作研究所是一个关注人类社会废除工作进程以及推动与废除工作有关的最新成果被更广泛地了解和接纳的科研小组。
废除工作研究所的建立需要资金支持，支持者将得到回馈。

以上摘要由系统自动生成，仅供参考，若要使用需对照原文确认。

这里是废除工作研究所。

顾名思义，废除工作研究所是一个关注人类社会废除工作进程以及推动与废除工作有关的最新成果被更广泛地了解和接纳的科研小组。

Here is the Institute of Work Abolition.

As the name suggests, this institute for the abolition of work is a research group that focuses on the process of the abolition of work in human society, the promotion of a wider understanding and acceptance of the latest research results related to the work abolition.

本篇众筹文章希望向朋友们说明：

1、为什么要建立废除工作研究所；

2、废除工作研究所的第一阶段研究方向；

3、为什么我们需要一笔钱来建立它；

4、我们如何回馈支持我们的朋友。

By this crowdfunding article, we would like to explain to our friends:

1.Why was the Institute of Work Abolition established?

2.What is the research direction of the first phase of the institute?

3.Why do we need money to establish it?

4.What supporters can get in return?

Work Abolishing

Abolish Work

为什么要研究

鲍勃·布莱克在他的小册子《废除工作》中写道，人类今日所经历的社会体系与其被称为“民主或资本主义”，抑或“工业主义”，还不如被称作“工厂法西斯主义和办公室寡头统治”。今天绝少有人喜欢工作。工作不仅意味着单调、无聊和压抑，还意味着将人困死在日复一日的循环之中，无法脱身去做自己真正感兴趣的事。

Bob Black wrote in his pamphlet The Abolition of Work (1991) that rather than ‘democracy or capitalism’, or ‘industrialism’, the social system that human beings experience today is better to be called ‘factory fascism and office oligarchy’. Few people today enjoy their work. Not only does work represent monotony, boredom, and depression, but it also means trapping people in day-to-day cycle, that people are unable to get out to do what really interests them.

大卫·格雷伯也在“狗屁工作”（bullshit jobs）理论中提出，当代社会是一个人间地狱，因为许多人都把大部分时间浪费在他们并不喜欢的任务上。据他估计，当今有40%的工作都没有存在的必要。巧合的是，他的著作正迎来简体中文版（《毫无意义的工作》）的面世。

David Greaber also argues in his theory of Bullshit Jobs (2018) that contemporary society is a hell on earth because a lot of people waste most of their time on tasks they don’t like. He estimates that 40% of jobs today are unnecessary.

不仅理论家这么觉得，那些为工作发愁的人也真的不想工作了。金融危机余波下的低质量就业以及新冠疫情，使人们对于工作的不满达到一个高峰。全球各地掀起了此起彼伏的削减工作和拒绝工作的浪潮。

Not only do the theorists think so, but those who worry about their jobs don’t want to work either. Low-quality jobs in the aftermath of the finacial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic have brought job dissatisfaction to a peak. There have been successive waves of job cuts and job rejections across the globe.

在中国，当三和大神喊出“干一天玩三天”的实践口号后，互联网社畜也发出了反对996工时制的线上倡议，尽管没有取得预期目标，但这些诉求得到扩散，发展为社会覆盖面更广的反内卷思潮。

In China, after the Sanhe Great God（“三和大神”） shouted the practical slogan of ‘work for one day and play for three days’, the corporate slaves in the internet enterprises also inssued an online initiative against the ‘996 working hour system’, which means people have to work from 9:00 A.M. till 9:00 P.M. for 6 days per week. Although the expected goal was not achieved, these demands were spread and developed into a broader anti-involution trend in society.

在德国，90万金属业工会（IG Metall ）工人于2018年初通过集体行动争取到加薪以及一个破纪录的削减工时（从每周35小时减至28小时）协议。

在美国，劳动力市场的职位空缺率和辞职也达到高峰。2021年11月创造了当月452万人辞职的历史最高纪录，被称为新冠疫情后的“大辞职”浪潮。

In Germany, 900,000 IG Metall workers fought through collective action in early 2018 to secure wage increases and a record-breaking agreement to cut working hours from 35 to 25 hours a week. In the U.S., job vacancies and resignations have also peaked in the labor market. In November 2021, a historical record of 4.52 million people resigned in that month, which is calld the ‘big resignation’ wave after the Covid-19 pandemic.

人们之所以采取行动，是因为他们的生活和主流观念所宣扬的不一样。新闻报道曾经说，在自动化技术的帮助下，所有人会过得越来越轻松。但是，过去几十年里，技术进步并没有在主要经济体中带来工作时长的显著减少。即便根据政府层面的官方统计数据——往往比实际工时偏低，我们在1970年代之后，也没有迎来脱身工作的大解放。

People act because their lives are different from what the prevailing values preach. News reports once said that with the help of automation, life would become easier for everyone. However, techonological advances have not led to significant reductions in working hours in major economies over the past few decades. Even according to official statistics at the government level, which are often lower than actual working hours, people have not ushered in a great liberation from work after the 1970s.

部分国家人均年工作时长变化趋势图

Chart 1 Trend in annual hours worked per capita in selected countries,1870–2015

相反，随着资本主义全球化的深入、跨国公司主导的产业转移和工作的零散化，大部分地区尤其是新兴经济体的工人工作时长不降反增。即便在老牌资本主义发达国家，近四十年的工人工作时长也没有进入下行通道的迹象。

但是，很多地方已经出现了每周四天工时制的政府和公司实验。这或许可以证明：我们的确处在一个动荡的变革期。一些新生事物已经无法被抑制。

On the contrary, with the deepening of capitalist globalization, transnational corporation - led industrial shifts and the fragmentation of work, the number of hours worked by workers in most regions, especially in emerging economies,have increased rather than decreased. Even in the older capitalist developed countries, the number of hours worked has not declined or declined slowly over the past four decades.However, government and corporate experiments with the four-day work week have emerged in many places. This may prove that we are indeed in a period of change.

试验主体

时间

举措

冰岛

政府🇮🇸

2015-2019年

涉及2500人，参与人员每周工时削减到35小时且薪资保持不变

微软

日本🇯🇵

2019年

试行了每周四天工作制，并在试验结束时声称新工时制度导致生产率飙升四成，同时节约了公司的运营成本

西班牙

政府🇪🇸

2021年3月

提出每周32小时（4天）的试验，这个项目为期三年，政府预计耗资 5000 万欧元对参与企业进行逐年递减的补贴

日本

政府🇯🇵

2021年6月

将选择性的每周4天工时制纳入到年度经济政策指导方针中

比利时

政府🇧🇪

2022年2月

通过一项立法草案，赋予员工要求每周工作4天的权利

英国

政府🇬🇧

2022年6月

开启了一项涉及70家公司和3300名员工的4天工时制试验，这一试验被认为是政府层面开启的同类试验中最大规模的一个

澳大利亚

政府🇦🇺

2022年8月

将展开为期 6 个月的试点，20 家澳洲公司的员工每周工作4天且薪资不变

Subject of the experimentTimeInitiative Iceland Government2015-2019Involved 2,500 people, with participantsWorking 35 hours per week at the same pay Microsoft Japan 2019Piloted a four-day work week and claimed atThe end of the trial that the new working hours system had led to a 40% spike in productivity and savings in the company’s operating costs Spainish Government March2021 Proposed a 32-hour(4-day) week trial, athree-year project with an estimat of €50Million in declining government subsidies forParticipating companies Japanese Government June 2021 Inclusion of an optional four-day working week in annual economic policy guidelines Belgium Government February2022 Passage of a draft legislation givingEmployees the right to request a four-dayWorking week United Kingdom Government June 2022 Launched a four-day working hours trialInvolving 70 companies and 3,300 employees, which is considered the largest of its kind to be opened at government level Australian Government August 2022 A six-month pilot has been launched withEmployees working four days a week at theSame pay in 20 Australian companiesChart 2 List of four-day work trials in various regions

What we research

我们的研究内容

我们认为有必要厘清，当下的工作试验是否会像一百多年前的八小时工作制那样奠定新的主流工作模式基础，或者只是一种应对就业紧张的临时性手段。

We believe it is necessary to clarify whether the current work experiment will lay the foundations of a new dominant work pattern, as the eight-hour day did more than a century ago, or whether it is simply a temporary means of coping with employment tensions.

我们的研究并不致力于倡议一个新工作时代的到来。由于我们认为工作具有一些无法被改良的性质，我们的口号是“废除工作”。因而从一开始，我们的研究与当下的这些工作试验在愿景上就存在着差异。但我们认为，从这些现成的试验入手，会有助于为我们下一阶段的研究和倡导提供工具和思路。

Our research does not aim to advocate a “new era of work“, because we believe that there‘s something about work that cannot be improved. Our slogan is “abolish work”.

There is thus a fundamental difference between and these current work experiments. We believe that starting with these ready- made experiments will provide inspiraions for the next stage of our research and advocacy.

Here are some concepts that we learn from previous work.

1、削减工作

Work Reduction

每周4天工时制（削减工时）是否等同于削减工作？在保留工作量的前提下，削减工时的具体效果如何？政府与企业实行新工时制的动机何在？这些试验将如何得到推广并成为现有系统的一部分？我们还关注削减工时与政府创制工作的大规模行为的矛盾，这背后的问题是，为什么削减工时的提议迟至今天才重新被唤醒？

Is 4-day work week (reducing working hours) the same as reducing workload ? What are the influences of reducing working hours while preserving workload? What are the innovations behind government and enterprises for implementing the new working hours system? How will these experiments become part of the existing system? We are also concerned about the contradiction between the reduction of working hours and the massive act of government job creation and the proposal to cut working hours is being reintroduced after so long?

早在1910年，世界产业工人联合会（IWW）就在海报中提出了“每周4天，每天4小时工作制”的口号

As early as 1910, the Industrial Workers of the World(IWW) put the slogan “4hoursaday, 4 days a week” on a poster

2、新工作试验

Neo-Work Experiments

Chart 3 New Work Experiments图表3 新工作试验

我们试图探究各种新工作试验（如上图）对于工人而言究竟意味着什么。那些自上而下推行的方案对于解决工人面临的难题是否是有效的？它们是否如它们的倡议者所声言的那样，确实具有划时代的革命性？草根性的行动和倡议又会如何与这些工作试验产生联系？

We seek to explore what the various new work experiments (Fig 2.1 New Work Experiments) actually mean for workers. Has the top-down structure been effective in adressing the challenges faced by workers? Are they as revolutionary as their proponents claim? How do grassroots actions and initiatives relate to these work experiments?

3、女性主义与废除工作

Feminism and Work Abolition

我们需要女性主义的视角去审视废除工作的研究以及当下的试验。过去的经验表明，再生产劳动即便经过商品化和市场化，这些重担仍然大多落在女性的身上。当下的新工作试验是否有利于使女性摆脱工作场所和家庭工作的双重夹击？

We need to implement a feminist perspective in the research on the abolitionof work and the experiments. Past experience has shown that even after commodification and marketization of reproductive labor, the burden still fall mostly on women. Are the current experiments with new work conductive to freeing women from the double whammy of workplace and domestic work?

4、废除工作的理论

The theory of Work Abolition

我们已经对这个研究方向有了一些了解，这部分内容将包括：a、人类工作模式和工作意识形态的历史演变；b、工作和后工作理论的文献梳理；c、艺术创作、游戏对工作的探讨和启示；d、废除工作的技术路线。这里简单介绍我们的理论框架。

We have already gained some insight into this line of research. This section will cover:

a.the historical evolution of human working patterns and ideologies of work; b.a literature review of work and post-work theories; c.the exploration and revelation of work in fine arts and play; d.the technical route of abolishing work.

#人类的劳动时间并没有随生产力发展而减少

#Human labor time have not decreased with the development of productivity

今天我们习以为常的一个观点是，原始社会的人类需要将大量时间投入到狩猎、采集等满足基本温饱需求的劳动，以至于过早消耗了自己的身体健康。因而我们假定，随着文明的演进和技术的进步，人们只会活得越来越轻松。但这个想法受到质疑。

Today we take for granted the idea that people in primitive societies spent so much time hunting and gathering to get basic food and clothing needs , which they prematurely consumed their physical health. So we assume that as civilization evolves and technology advances, life will get easier. But the thought has been questioned.

图表4 不同时代的工作方式

Chart 4 Work styles in different ages

实际上，无法忍受工作甚至想要加以废止的呼吁，是在机器大生产的时代才开始活跃的。但是直到今天，我们仍然没有实现这一点。废除工作理论便要寻根究底：为什么当今的社会做不到，以及如何可以做到。

In fact, it was in the age of machine production that the call for being unable to stand or even abolishing work began to flourish. But until now, we still haven’t achieved that. The theory of abolishing work has to inquire deeply into why it could not be done and how it can be done in today’s society.

图表5 不同工作模型下的周工作时长统计图Chart 5 Weekly work hours statistics in different work models

#过去对工作的改良也没有让人们爱上工作

# Past improvements to work didn’t make people love work either

传统马克思主义者认为，通过国家来实现公有制基础的经济集中管理，能够从根本上让工作变成一件愉快的事。除此以外，他们还尝试了许多改良工作的方法。有些方法并不成功。

图表6 传统社会主义模式下改造工作的策略Chart 6 Strategies for Reconstruction Work in the Traditional Socialist Model

在资本主义经济中，我们可以看到这些工作改良措施的变体。两种体系下对工作的改良存在一定程度的相似之处。

In a capitalist economy, we could see variations of these work improvement measures. There are some similarities between the improvements to work under the two systems.

图表7 两种体制下工作改良策略的对应关系Chart 7 Correspondence of work improvement strategies in the two systems

#废除工作的方法

# Methods for abolishing work

但是废除工作（甚至削减工作）的倡议没有真正进入过改良主义者的计划当中。无论在苏联还是美国，休闲和假期都是作为对劳动的奖赏而出现的。中产阶级的生活方式与一份稳定的全职工作绑定，而游手好闲的人被污名化。

一些废除工作的方法被许多杰出的理论家提出（见下图），但它们至今还没有被实行。

But the call for abolishing (or even reduction) of work has never really entered into the reformists’ agendas. In both the Soviet Union and the United States, recreation and holidays emerged as rewards for labor. The middle-class Lifestyle was tied to a steady full-time job, and slackers were stigmatized.

Some methods of abolishing work have been proposed by many prominent theorists(see below), but they have not yet been implemented.

图表8 废除工作的方法Chart 8 Methods for abolishing work

#如何看待技术

#How to think about technology

当下的流行论调认为，工作会被自动化机器取代。但我们认为工作不会自动消失。相反，新的技术完全可以被创制和推广，用来衍生出更多工作——我们经历的可能正是这个过程。因而，废除工作的理论面对的挑战已经完全不是如何善用机器，而是对导向工作的技术路线进行批判。另一个要点是与科研人员合作，创制出导向废除工作的技术路线。

One of the current popular argument holds that jobs will be replaced by automated machines. But we don’t think jobs will disappear of their own accord. Instead, new technologies can be invented to generate more jobs——and that’s probably what we’re experiencing. The challenge for theories of abolishing work is thus no longer how to make good use of machines, but to criticize the technological route that lead to work. Another key point is to cooperate with scientific researchers to create technological pathways that lead to work abolition.

Our preliminary plan

我们的初步计划

搭建共同

研究空间

Set up the common research on space

我们的研究性质很可能使得我们的机构成为一个频繁游动的小组。但我们仍然希望研究员可以在线下进行许多讨论和磋商，并对研究的阶段成果进行一些生活性的检验。也就是说，我们希望把我们的研究成果放到共同的生活环境和研究组织架构中进行验证。另外，研究空间也为不同地方的调研提供了中途的歇脚处，因此打造研究空间是非常必要的。空间的存在也有助于更多对我们的研究感兴趣的朋友与我们进行面对面的交流并提供意见。

The nature of our research will possibly make our institution a mobile group. However, we still hope that our researchers can have los of discussions and consultations offline, and conduct some real-life tests on account of results of research. In other words, we want to validate our research results in a common living environment and research organization. In addition, it is necessary to build research space that provides stopover for research in different places,. The space also helps more friends who are interested in our research to communicate with us face to face and provide input.

我们已经完成几个小型研究空间的建立和改造。如果您想进一步了解研究空间的情况，欢迎参加众筹并添加联系人，进行详细询问。

We have completed the construction and renovation of several small research spaces. If you want to know more about the construction of the research space, welcome to join the crowdfunding and add our contacts person for details.

招募研究员

进行为期至少两年的

第一阶段调研

To recruit researchers for

conduct the first phase of research

我们希望研究员能围绕对研究的兴趣来组织自己的生活，因而为ta们提供一笔阶段性的基本收入是必须的。由于实地考察和调研是非常重要的研究方法，长期的参与式调研将占据ta们许多时间，也使得ta们很难通过主流的工作模式获得其他收入。

Researchers are expected to organize their lives around their research interests. So it’s necessary to provide them with basic income for a period of time. Field trips and surveys are important research methods. Long-term Participatory research will take up most of there searchers’ working time, which makes it difficult for them to earn other income through mainstream working patterns.

我们的调研方向可能包括：a、非标准工时制的工人（零工、自由职业者）状况；b、共识社区成员的状况；c、典型的长工时行业工人的状况；d、失业者的状况；e、国外新工作试验参与者的状况；f、女性工人的状况。

Our research directions may include: a. the situations of workers in non-standard working hours (casual, freelance); b. the situations of members in intentional communities; c. the situations of workers in typical long-hour industries; d. the situations of the unemployed; e. the situations of participants in new working trials abroad(such as 4 days work trials listed in Table 1); f. the situations of female workers.

我们已经完成研究员的招募，并正在确定第一步的研究计划大纲。

We have completed the researcher recruitment and are finalizing the outline of the initial research program currently.

发布和出版

研究文集

To release and publicate research anthology

我们希望通过固定渠道不定时发布阶段性的研究成果，并最终将这些成果汇总成为研究所的研究文集，进行出版。

我们希望《废除工作研究》在2024年12月以前制作完成。

From time to time，we will release our periodical research results through a regular channel via newsletter and telegram.

And eventually we will bring them together into a research anthology of the institute for publication.We hope to have the Abolishing Work Study published by December 2024.

About the crowdfunding

Target: 100,000CNY

关于众筹

目标：10万元

简列开支表

众筹开支项目

数额及计算

研究空间开支（房租及水电、取暖费用）

1万元/年*2年=2万元

研究员

基本收入

500元/月*24个月*3人=3.6万元

跨地调研费用（交通费、食宿费等）

500元/月*24个月*3人=3.6万元

研究自出版费用

设计费用5000元+印刷费用3000元=8000元

合计

10万元

Brief expenses sheet

Crowdfunding expense itemsAmount and measurement Research space costs（ rent, utilities and heating costs）10,000 CNY/year*2 years=20,000 CNY Basic income of researchers500CNY/month*24months*3 persons=36,000 CNY Cross-regional research costs (transport, accommodation, etc.)500 CNY/month*24months*3persons=36,000 CNY Research self-publishing costsdesign 5000 CNY+printing 3000 CNY=8000 CNY Total 100,000 CNY所有参与众筹者成为我们的研究支持者，可以自愿选择进入研究所支持者群聊。开支会在群聊中定期进行公示。

All the donors will become our research supporters and can voluntarily choose to join the institute’s supporters’ group chat via Wechat and Tg, where the research expenses will be publicized regularly.

参与方式

How to participate

1、您可以扫码添加联系人小五微信（13522965437），备注众筹